Important Minerals and Ores
The natural substances in which the metals or their compounds occur in earth are called minerals. The minerals have a definite composition. It may be a single compound or a complex mixture. The minerals from which the metals can be conveniently and economically extracted are called ores. All the ores are minerals but all minerals are not ores.
The chemical elements are distributed in earth crust. Some are found in native state and some in combined state. Elements found in combined state are often found as oxides, carbonates, sulphides and silicates etc. Given below are some important sources of the elements in which they are found to present in earth crust.
The natural substances in which the metals or their compounds occur in earth are called minerals. The minerals have a definite composition. It may be a single compound or a complex mixture. The minerals from which the metals can be conveniently and economically extracted are called ores. All the ores are minerals but all minerals are not ores.
The chemical elements are distributed in earth crust. Some are found in native state and some in combined state. Elements found in combined state are often found as oxides, carbonates, sulphides and silicates etc. Given below are some important sources of the elements in which they are found to present in earth crust.
| Important Ores And Minerals | ||
| Iron | ||
| (i) | Magnetite | : Fe3O4 |
| (ii) | Haematite | : Fe2O3 |
| (iii) | Iron pyrites | : FeS2 |
| (iv) | Chalcopyrites | : CuFeS2 |
| (v) | Siderite | : Fe3CO3 |
| Copper | ||
| (i) | Cuprite | : Cu2O |
| (ii) | Chalcopyrite | : CuFeS2 |
| (iii) | Copper glance (chalcocite) | : Cu2S |
| (iv) | Malachite | : CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 |
| (v) | Azurite | : [2CuCO3].Cu(OH)2 |
| Zinc | ||
| (i) | Zincite | : ZnO |
| (ii) | Calamine | : ZnCO3 |
| (iii) | Zinc blende | : ZnS |
| Silver | ||
| (i) | Argentite or silver glance | : Ag2S |
| (ii) | Horn silver | : AgCl |
| Tin | ||
| (i) | Cassiterite | : SnO2 |
| Lead | ||
| (i) | Angelsite | : PbSO4 |
| (ii) | Cerussite | : PbCO3 |
| (iii) | Lanarkite | : PbO.PbSO4 |
| (iv) | Galena | : PbS |
| Magnesium | ||
| (i) | Magnesite | : MgCO3 |
| (ii) | Dolomite | : MgCO3.CaCO3 |
| (iii) | Epsom salt | : MgSO4.7H2O |
| (iv) | Carnalite | : KCL.MgCl2.6H2O |
| (v) | Asbestos | : CaMg3(SiO3)4 |
| (vi) | Kiesserite | : MgSO4.2H2O |
| Aluminium | ||
| (i) | Corundum | : Al2O3 |
| (ii) | Diaspore | : Al2O3.H2O |
| (iii) | Bauxite | : Al2O3.2H2O |
| (iv) | Cryolite | : Na3AlF6 |
| (v) | Feldspar | : KAlSi3O8 |
| (vi) | Mica | : K2O.3Al2O3.6SiO2.2H2O |
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